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Are You Paying Too Much Interest on Your Home Mortgage?
Article Highlights:
- Lower Mortgage Interest Rates
- Refinancing
- Limits on Loan Terms
- Limit on Home Mortgage Debt
- Refinance Calculator
If you are thinking about refinancing your current home loan, consider the tax ramifications before making your decision, as the 2018 tax reform made some changes that may impact it. Home mortgage debt can consist of acquisition debt and equity debt. Acquisition debt is the debt you incur to purchase your home or make substantial improvements to the home. Equity debt is debt secured by the home that you use for other purposes not related to acquiring your home. Prior to 2018, homeowners could deduct the interest paid (up to $100,000 of equity debt) as an itemized deduction. However, with the passage of tax reform, the interest on home equity debt is no longer deductible. So, if you are considering refinancing for more than the current balance of your acquisition debt and won’t be spending the extra amount to make substantial improvements to your home, keep in mind that the interest you’ll pay on the refinanced debt may only be deductible on the portion of the loan that represents acquisition debt.
There are other tax pitfalls as well. Prior to tax reform, acquisition debt could be refinanced for a longer term and the interest would continue to be tax deductible for the term of the refinanced loan. Under tax reform, that is no longer the case.
Example: Your original acquisition debt loan was for 30 years. After 20 years, you refinance the original loan into a 15-year loan. Because the refinanced debt extends the overall combined term of the acquisition debt by 5 years, the interest on the debt is only deductible for the subsequent 10 years. In addition, if any of the refinanced debt was equity debt, the refinanced debt must be allocated between acquisition debt and equity debt, with only the interest on the acquisition portion being tax deductible.
Of course, to the extent the additional refinanced debt was used to make a substantial home improvement, such as adding solar power, remodeling the kitchen, or adding a room, that portion of the refinanced debt will be acquisition debt and the interest will be deductible, except as noted next.
One more potential tax trap related to refinancing is that tax reform reduced the maximum amount of acquisition debt from which the interest was deductible from $1 million on a taxpayer’s first and second homes to $750,000. The $1 million debt cap was grandfathered for acquisition debt loans in effect prior to tax reform, and those can still be refinanced for their current balance without being subject to the $750,000 limit. However, if a grandfathered loan is refinanced for more than the current balance of the loan, the new $750,000 acquisition debt limit could come into play.
Example: You purchased a home before tax reform, and the initial acquisition loan balance was $850,000. The current balance on the loan is $800,000. You refinance it for the same amount to get a lower interest rate. Under these circumstances, the interest on the entire $800,000 refinanced loan continues to be tax deductible as home acquisition debt interest because it was a grandfathered debt.
Example: Similar to the situation above, except the original acquisition loan balance has been paid down to a current balance of $700,000. You refinance the loan for $800,000, using the additional $100,000 to add a room to the home. Because the additional $100,000 is not grandfathered debt, the $750,000 acquisition debt limit comes into play, and only interest you pay on up to $750,000 of the refinanced debt is deductible.
Example: Similar to the situation above, except the original acquisition loan balance has been paid down to a current balance of $700,000. You refinance the loan for $800,000, using the additional $100,000 to add a room to the home. Because the additional $100,000 is not grandfathered debt, the $750,000 acquisition debt limit comes into play, and only interest you pay on up to $750,000 of the refinanced debt is deductible.
In these examples, we talk about the interest being deductible, but you can only claim the mortgage interest as a tax deduction if you itemize your deductions. Another aspect of tax reform was the approximate doubling of the standard deduction amount. As a result, many taxpayers who itemized prior to tax reform now find that the standard deduction gives them a greater deduction. Some who refinance for a lower interest rate (and, correspondingly, lower interest payments) may find that their total itemized deductions will then be less than the standard deduction, meaning that they won’t have any tax benefit from their home.
Putting these tax limitations aside, it still may be financially beneficial to refinance to reduce interest and monthly payments without increasing the amount of the loan. Owning your home debt-free by the time you reach retirement is an important goal, so you should do everything in your power to avoid using the equity in your home and prolonging the payments. However, there may be times when it becomes necessary, such as paying off high-interest credit card debt or paying for junior’s college education.
You can use our "Should I Refinace My Mortgage?" calculator to compare your current mortgage payment with a refinanced mortgage payment based upon interest rates and loan term.
Combining tax considerations and refinancing options can become quite complicated. If you need assistance in making a refinancing decision, please give this office a call.
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